2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Complement System

Complement System

Complement System

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The complement system, composed of more than 30 serum and cell surface components, is collaborating in recognition and elimination of pathogens as a part of both the innate and acquired immune systems. Once the complement system is activated, a chain of reactions involving proteolysis and assembly occurs, resulting in cleavage of the third complement component (C3). The cascade up to C3 cleavage is called the activation pathway. There are three activation pathways: the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways.

The complement cascade is a dual-edged sword, causing protection against bacterial and viral invasion by promoting phagocytosis and inflammation. Pathologically, complement can cause substantial damage to blood vessels (vasculitis), kidney basement membrane and attached endothelial and epithelial cells (nephritis), joint synovium (arthritis), and erythrocytes (hemolysis) if it is not adequately controlled.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14648
    Dexamethasone
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, apoptosis inducer, and common disease inducer in experimental animals, constructing models of muscle atrophy, hypertension, and depression. Dexamethasone can inhibit the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages and significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in neutrophils and monocytes. Dexamethasone also has potential for use in COVID-19 research.
    Dexamethasone
  • HY-B0579
    Cyclosporin A
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    Cyclosporin A (Cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressant which binds to the cyclophilin and inhibits phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B/calcineurin) with an IC50 of 5 nM. Cyclosporin A also inhibits CD11a/CD18 adhesion.
    Cyclosporin A
  • HY-101502A
    SB290157 trifluoroacetate
    		Antagonist 99.87%
    SB290157 trifluoroacetate is a potent and selective C3a receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 200 nM.
    SB290157 trifluoroacetate
  • HY-127105
    Iptacopan
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Iptacopan (LNP023) is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable, highly potent and highly selective factor B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 10 nM. Iptacopan shows direct, reversible, and high-affinity binding to human factor B with a KD of 7.9 nM. Iptacopan targets the underlying cause of complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G).
    Iptacopan
  • HY-106178
    PMX-53
    		Antagonist 98.60%
    PMX-53 (3D53) is a synthetic peptidic and a potent and orally active complement C5a receptor (CD88) antagonist with an IC50 of 20 nM. PMX-53 is also a low-affinity MrgX2 agonist that stimulates MrgX2-mediated mast cell degranulation. PMX-53 specifically binds to C5aR1 and does not bind to the second C5aR (C5L2) and C3aR. PMX-53 has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiatherosclerotic effects.
    PMX-53
  • HY-17627
    Avacopan
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Avacopan (CCX168) is a potent, selective and orally available complement 5a receptor (C5aR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 nM.
    Avacopan
  • HY-14648AR
    Dexamethasone acetate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dexamethasone acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dexamethasone acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dexamethasone acetate (Dexamethasone 21-acetate) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.
    Dexamethasone acetate (Standard)
  • HY-148370A
    IONIS-FB-LRx sodium
    		Inhibitor
    IONIS-FB-LRx sodium is a specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting complement factor B (CFB). IONIS-FB-LRx sodium effectively reduces circulating levels of CFB, and can be used for geographic atrophy (GA) research.
    IONIS-FB-LRx sodium
  • HY-10799
    EG00229
    		Antagonist 98.18%
    EG00229 is a neuropilin 1 (NRP1) receptor antagonist. EG00229 selectively inhibits VEGF-A binding to NRP1 b1 domain with an IC50 of 3 μM, but has no effect on VEGFA binding to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2.
    EG00229
  • HY-14648A
    Dexamethasone acetate
    		Inhibitor 99.69%
    Dexamethasone acetate (Dexamethasone 21-acetate) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.
    Dexamethasone acetate
  • HY-138161
    JR14a
    		Antagonist 98.52%
    JR14a is a potent thiophene antagonist of human complement C3a receptor. JR14a shows selectivity for the human C3a receptor over C5a receptor. JR14a can suppress C3aR-mediated inflammation.
    JR14a
  • HY-117930
    Danicopan
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Danicopan (ACH-4471), a selective and orally active small-molecule factor D inhibitor, shows high binding affinity to human Factor D with Kd value of 0.54 nM. Danicopan (ACH-4471) inhibits alternative pathway of complement (APC) activity, has potential to block the alternative pathway of complement in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).
    Danicopan
  • HY-110136A
    PMX 205 Trifluoroacetate
    		Antagonist 98.02%
    PMX 205 Trifluoroacetate is a potent complement C5a receptor (C5aR; CD88) antagonist.
    PMX 205 Trifluoroacetate
  • HY-P1036
    Compstatin
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    Compstatin, a 13-residue cyclic peptide, is a potent inhibitor of the complement system C3 with species specificity. Compstatin binds to baboon C3 and is resistant to proteolytic cleavage in baboon blood (similar to humans). Compstatin inhibits only the activation of primates’ complement system. Compstatin exhibits IC50 values of 63 μM and 12 μM for classical and alterative complement pathway, respectively.
    Compstatin
  • HY-P1717B
    AMY-101 acetate
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    AMY-101 acetate (Cp40 acetate), a peptidic inhibitor of the central complement component C3 (KD = 0.5 nM), inhibits naturally occurring periodontitis in non-human primates (NHPs). AMY-101 acetate (Cp40 acetate) exhibits a favorable anti-inflammatory activity in models with COVID-19 severe pneumonia with systemic hyper inflammation.
    AMY-101 acetate
  • HY-112151A
    EG01377 dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.19%
    EG01377 dihydrochloride is a potent, bioavailable and selective inhibitor of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), with a Kd of 1.32 μM, and IC50s of 609 nM for both NRP1-a1 and NRP1-b1. EG01377 dihydrochloride has antiangiogenic, antimigratory, and antitumor effects.
    EG01377 dihydrochloride
  • HY-15701
    Leukadherin-1
    		Agonist ≥98.0%
    Leukadherin-1, a specific agonist of the leukocyte surface integrin CD11b/CD18, increases CD11b/CD18-dependent cell adhesion to fibrinogen with an EC50 of 4 μM. Leukadherin-1 enhances leukocyte adhesion to ligands (such as ICAM-1) and vascular endothelium and thus reduces leukocyte transendothelial migration and influx to the injury sites. Leukadherin-1 suppresses innate inflammatory signaling.
    Leukadherin-1
  • HY-P9914
    Eculizumab
    		Inhibitor
    Eculizumab (Anti-Human C5, Humanized Antibody) is a long-acting humanized monoclonal antibody targeted against complement C5. Eculizumab inhibits the cleavage of C5 into C5a and C5b and hence inhibits deployment of the terminal complement system including the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC). Eculizumab has the potential for haemolysis research.
    Eculizumab
  • HY-127105A
    Iptacopan hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    LNP023 hydrochloride is an orally bioavailable, highly potent and highly selective factor B inhibitor. LNP023 shows direct, reversible, and high-affinity binding to human factor B with a KD of 7.9 nM. LNP023 inhibits factor B with an IC50 value of 10 nM.
    Iptacopan hydrochloride
  • HY-P1717A
    AMY-101 TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    AMY-101 TFA (Cp40 TFA), a peptidic inhibitor of the central complement component C3 (KD = 0.5 nM), inhibits naturally occurring periodontitis in non-human primates (NHPs). AMY-101 (Cp40) exhibits a favorable anti-inflammatory activity in models with COVID-19 severe pneumonia with systemic hyper inflammation.
    AMY-101 TFA
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity